Although Neanderthals were previously thought to be carnivores, a new study published in the journalNatural sciences? The Science of Naturereveals that the species had a much more varied diet than was suspected. Neanderthals ate medicinal plants and, in addition,they knew the healing properties of the same, as revealed by the work that has been carried out from the remains of the El Sidrón cave (Asturias).
The researchers, including scientists from the Autonomous University of Barcelona and the National Museum of Natural Sciences (CSIC), carried out molecular analyzes of dental tartar from five Neanderthals found in the cave and found that the individuals had ingested two types of plants medicinal:yarrow and chamomile. Chance? It does not seem. Previous research showed that Neanderthals were able to recognize thebitter taste. “The fact of taking these types of plants with little nutritional value is surprising. We know that Neanderthals would find them bitter, so they probably should have selected them for reasons that go beyond their taste,” explained Stephen Buckley, from the University of York (United Kingdom).
Scientists have combined mass spectrometry and thermal desertion techniques with morphological analysis of plant microfossils for the analysis of the samples. Research indicates that starch granules found inThe Sidrónthey are the oldest confirmed so far by biochemical tests, with about 43,000 years of age.
“The variety of plants we have identified suggests that the Neanderthal individuals that lived at El Sidrón had a sophisticated knowledge of their natural environment, including the ability toselect and use certain plants for their nutritional and healing value“Explained Karen Hardy, one of the authors.” Meat was clearly paramount, but our research reveals a much more complex diet than we previously believed they had. “
Scientists have also identified ancient remains of bacteria that they believe may shed light on future studies of Neanderthal dental health.
