Some people deeply hate exercising. So much so that even people have been joking about the possibility of being allergic to sports. And while research shows it’s virtually impossible to be allergic to exercise, some people may develop anaphylaxis, a life-threatening allergic reaction.
When a person is exposed to a substance to which they are allergic (such as grass, peanuts, or pet hair) a protein from the allergen interacts with antibodies on the immune cells in their body. In this way, immune cells secrete chemicals (such as histamine) that cause sneezing, hives, or other bothersome symptoms.
On the other hand, when a person exercises no protein enters the body, so it is technically impossible to be allergic to running or cycling. However, people with anaphylaxis may develop allergy-like symptoms when playing sports.
Various theories
A study published in the journal Current Allergy and Asthma Reports concludes that exercise triggers the release of endorphins, which allows certain immune cells to release chemicals such as histamine.
Other people, however, have a condition known as exercise-induced anaphylaxis. This means that they have allergies to certain foods, drinks or medicines, and this allergy is activated by sports. For them, eating certain foods before exercising can trigger symptoms such as hives or wheezing (high-pitched sounds that occur during breathing due to a partial blockage of the airways).
There are several theories as to why certain foods or medications in combination with sports can cause an allergic reaction. Exercise makes the gastrointestinal tract more permeable, allowing allergens to come into contact with the immune system. On the other hand, some medications, such as ibuprofen, could further increase the permeability and absorption of foreign allergens by the body, thus interacting directly with immune cells.
Treatment for anaphylaxis
Treatment for exercise-induced (food-dependent) anaphylaxis is simple, consisting of not eating four hours before and after sports. Another option is to avoid the foods that trigger the allergic reaction, if they are known.
However, when exercise is the only trigger (that is, the reaction does not depend on food, but on sport) managing the condition can be more difficult. In some cases, doctors may prescribe specialized exercises for patients , controlling the intensity of the exercises and the amount of effort they exert. Also, some antihistamines help prevent episodes, so they might also be helpful.
