Before explaining everything related to 5G technology, it is probably a good idea to explain what 5G really is. It is the next generation of mobile broadband that will replace, or at least increase, the 4G LTE connection. With 5G, we will have exponentially faster upload and download speeds. Latency, or the time it takes for devices to communicate with wireless networks, will also drop dramatically.
How does 5G work? Unlike 4G LTE, 5G operates in three different spectrum bands. While this may not seem like a big deal, it will have a dramatic effect on our daily wear. For LTE, the bandwidth is almost exhausted.
The high band spectrum is what offers the best performance for 5G, but with great weaknesses (it is known as mmWave) . High band spectrum can deliver top speeds of up to 10 Gbps and its latency is extremely low. Its weak point? Which has a low coverage area. That means that to create an effective high-band network, a ton of cells will be needed.
The International Telecommunications Union (ITU) is the specialized agency of the United Nations that develops technical standards for communication technologies, and establishes the rules for the use of the radioelectric spectrum and the interoperability of telecommunications. In 2012, the ITU created a program called “IMT for 2020 and beyond” (IMT-2020) to research and establish minimum requirements for 5G. After years of work, the agency created a draft with 13 minimum requirements for 5G in 2017. Then, the task of working on creating standards for 5G began. In December 2017, 3GPP completed its Non-Standalone Specifications (NSA), and in June 2018 it continued with Independent Specifications (SA). Your performance goals would be: maximum data rate, latency, efficiency, spectrum efficiency, actual speeds, mobility, and lastly, connection density (that is, your ability to support a greater number of connected devices at the same time).
