For the study, Muniba Saleem and his colleagues enrolled 204 participants by randomly assigning them one of three video games for 30 minutes. Two of them were versions of the action video game Counter Strike , one whose objective was to detect and kill Arab terrorists and another in which the enemies were Russian terrorists. The third was a non-violent game of golf. After playing several games, the researchers assessed the participants' bias levels against Arabs using direct measurements, such as attitude questionnaires, and indirect measurements, such as drawing a "typical" Arab and Caucasian man and woman. They then coded the drawings based on the emotions presented in the stereotypical appearance and the presence or absence of a weapon.
The tests showed that violent video games, even those that portrayed Russians as terrorists, increased attitudes of rejection towards Arabs .
