Metals are good conductors of electricity because they have properties by which they are capable of transferring electrical energy between various points . This property is also found in other non-metallic materials such as graphite or saline solutions, but it is metals, due to their low resistance to the passage of electricity, that best fulfill this function.
Electric conductivity
This concept must be clear to understand the electrical property of metals . It is the ability of a medium or space element to conduct electricity from one point to another.
For this we must have a good conductor that maintains these characteristics when passing electricity. The function of these conductors is the passage of current without offering resistance and with safety. For this reason, the vast majority of metals have this property, their resistance is very low and in accordance with the step in electrical conduction.
Features
Conductors must fulfill three basic functions when passing electricity:
-First to conduct electricity from one point to another. That is, passing electrons through the conductor that flow due to the difference in powers.
-Creating electromagnetic fields by having the ability to build coils and electromagnets.
-Modify the voltage when building transformers.
Qualities of metals
Like any other material, metals are made up of atoms, which means they have a positively charged particle in the center that is surrounded by millions of negatively charged electrons. That is why all of them have an electrical charge called a structure.
Due to this, metals are precise in having a stable and narrow electrical conductivity given their metallic bonds. Once electricity makes contact with the material, the millions of electrons begin to flow to all ends without any resistance to prevent them.
What metals are the best conductors?
As we say, there are other materials that are conducive to conductivity, but metals are the most stable and accurate.
Among these conductors, several stand out, such as Copper, Silver, Aluminum, Gold and Nickel . All of them are precise conductors of electricity and their alloys can also be due to their adaptability.
For this conduction of metals, we must take into account several factors that affect the material that conducts electricity: temperature, impurities, structure and crystalline phases, electromagnetic fields and frequency.
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