To understand this natural phenomenon must know before the structure of the sun. The outer part of the Sun, as a great envelope, is the solar corona. It is a kind of plasma whose temperature reaches two million degrees and which contains the key to the solar wind.
The magnetism of the Sun is not static but is in continuous reorganization due to movement. The magnetic loops produced by this relocation of the interior of the sun can break, releasing a "magnetic bubble " that will produce an ejection of matter and energy in a very short time, which can account for one twentieth of the mass of the corona.
Well, it is precisely this expulsion of matter that gives rise to the solar wind, which can travel at a speed of between 400 and 800 kilometers per second. This brutal shock wave travels through space and reaches beyond Pluto, colliding with those planets in its path, including Earth. In fact, it takes between 2.5 and 5 days to reach our planet.
The important thing really is, how can it affect the Earth? These high-energy particle bursts have little effect on the Earth's surface thanks to the surrounding magnetic field. However, it does have a visible effect in the form of northern lights and outside the protection zone of the magnetosphere, being able to damage, for example, communication satellites that orbit our planet at a certain distance.
