When thespringYextend the daylight hourschanges occur in the body. We feel healthier, more dynamic, optimistic and full of energy. Why? A UK research team has unraveled the processes that control hormonal changes over the seasons. Their findings are published in the journalCurrent Biology, and could be useful in the treatment of seasonal affective disorder (SAD).
The researchers, belonging to the Universities of Edinburgh and Manchester (United Kingdom), discovered two genes, EYA3 and TAC1, which are activated when the daylight hours increase in spring and, consequently, raise the concentration of certain hormones. Interestingly, the EYA3 gene performs a similar function in birds and mammals that has been maintained for millions of years of evolution. ?? The key to its action seems to be in a molecule calledtuberalina, produced in thepituitary gland, located at the base of the brain, which sends signals to the hormones involved in thecontrol of seasonal changes in the body.
Another essential piece is the hormonemelatonin, basic for the seasonal adjustments of the organism. In addition, the pituitary gland stimulates the secretion of the hormoneprolactin, which helps mammals adapt to increased daylight hours and other seasonal changes. ??
Professor Dave Burt, from the Roslin Institute at the University of Edinburgh, assures that “the identification of these genes not only clarifies the functioning of our internal annual biological clock, but also indicates that there is a striking relationship between mammals and birds that has been preserved over 300 million years. ” After all, he adds, much of our behavior is determined by the seasons, which influence fat storage, reproduction or the ability to fight disease.
