A study published in the journal ZooKeys reveals the discovery of what appears to be a new species of black iguana ( Iguana melanoderma ) located in the Eastern Caribbean and that may already be threatened by unsustainable harvesting and invasive iguanas.
This species of iguana is morphologically and genetically different from the other two endemic species of green iguana known in the area . Found on the islands of Saba and Montserrat, this iguana undergoes a genetic mutation of the cells that regulate hair and skin color, so that high concentrations of the dark pigment melanin produce an almost completely black coloration. Although it occurs most frequently in panthers, melanism colors species from across the animal kingdom such as the observed specimens of black penguin or black coyote.
The researchers extracted DNA from 44 individuals to confirm their findings. Black iguanas are characterized by a distinctive black spot between the reptile’s eyes and ear socket, or eardrum. It is usually found on the cliffs, particularly in misty and cool environments where it can sunbathe.
Threats
“The priority actions for the conservation of the Iguana melanoderma species are biosecurity, the minimization of hunting and the conservation of the habitat. The maritime and airport authorities of both islands must be attentive to the movements of the iguanas, or their by-products, in any direction, even if the animals remain within the territory of the same nation. Capacity building and awareness raising should strengthen the islands’ biosecurity system and could increase the pride of this flagship species , “explains Frédéric Grandjean of the University of Poitiers and co-author of the work.
Referencia: Michel Breuil et al, Painted black: Iguana melanoderma (Reptilia, Squamata, Iguanidae) a new melanistic endemic species from Saba and Montserrat islands (Lesser Antilles), ZooKeys (2020). DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.926.48679
