Chile, Japan, California or Nepal are some of the “hot” areas in terms of earth movements. However, not everywhere a similar earthquake, of equal intensity and depth, causes the same deaths and injuries. The secret lies in the way to raise the buildings so that they do not collapse in the event of possible earthquakes. What characteristics should buildings have to be as resistant as possible? These are the most important according to specialists:
Height. Obviously the height of the building is one of the essential factors in resistance to earthquakes. In fact, in certain cities regulations limited the height of buildings, although today there is a greater tendency to value their height based on the quality of the architectural design.
Symmetry. A building is symmetrical about two axes in plan if its geometry is identical on either side of the axes. The fact that a building is not symmetrical increases the possibility of a torsion in its plant, making it more vulnerable to an earthquake.
Mass distribution. The specialists recommend the uniform distribution of the masses that make up the building both in plan and in height, changing depending on the different areas and heights based on rigidity.
Rigid structures in plan. Although it may seem like a truism statement, it is evident that the greater number of structural walls at the base also improves stability and resistance to seismic movement.
Distribution of doors and windows. The symmetrical distribution of the opening elements of the houses are essential to increase the resistance of the building to collapse, as well as a size consistent with the rest of the structure, not having to exceed more than half of the wall.
Quality of materials. Another essential factor when measuring the resistance to collapse of buildings is the quality of the materials. The good quality of the construction improves the energy absorption capacity in the seismic movement. Experts agree on the importance of reinforced concrete and steel so that the building can balance without falling.
Foundation. The foundations are key in the flexibility and resistance of the buildings. Each floor has a specific foundation both in depth, shape and size, so a study of the terrain is essential prior to building the property. A correct action in this aspect allows reducing the deformations and stresses that the building will suffer during the earthquake.
