The flu is a respiratory-type infection caused by a virus called influenza. This virus is easily contagious, and is transmitted through tiny drops of saliva that the sick person expels when coughing or sneezing, or through other forms of contact with saliva, such as kissing or sharing utensils.
It is a very common condition that occurs especially in fall or winter, because this virus can survive better in lower temperatures. It can spread very quickly in closed areas, where we usually spend more time during the cold months. Hence the importance of ventilating the house frequently, even in the middle of winter, so that the air is renewed daily.
The incubation period of the flu lasts from 48 to 72 hours , so the first symptoms appear two or three days after infection.
Generally, the flu can last between five and ten days from the contagion before it begins to subside. However, the healing period depends on various factors such as the state of the immune system, the general health of the affected person, or their age.
The flu affects the respiratory tract causing a sore throat, nasal congestion and inflammation of the lungs with a dry cough . By preventing normal and fluid breathing, symptoms such as tiredness and fatigue appear. It is also common for the patient to experience fever, migraines, and generalized muscle pain. The symptoms gradually disappear, with coughing and exhaustion being the ones that last the longest.
Once contagion has occurred, the flu cannot be treated , drugs help relieve some symptoms, but they cannot eliminate the virus. The only possible treatment is to stay in bed, take lukewarm baths in case of a high fever, and drink plenty of fluids to avoid dehydration.
The common cold is also a viral infection of the respiratory tract and the most noticeable difference between these two diseases is the intensity of their symptoms . The cold is less severe and less debilitating than the flu. It generally presents without fever or with very few tenths. The flu appears suddenly and the symptoms last for one or two weeks, however the cold comes gradually and lasts somewhat less.
The most effective way to prevent contagion is the vaccine , which is offered to citizens in health centers at the beginning of each fall. It is especially recommended for certain risk populations such as people with respiratory failure, diabetes, heart conditions and oncological or hematological pathologies. It is also recommended for obese people, liver patients, pregnant women and the elderly.
Those who do not receive vaccination should take certain precautions to decrease the spread of the virus, such as avoiding contact with people with symptoms and washing their hands frequently.
In some cases the flu can be complicated, especially when there are previous illnesses. If the fever exceeds 39ºC and persists for more than three days, it is recommended to see a doctor, so that he can prescribe the appropriate treatment. Antibiotics are sometimes prescribed. Although they do not act on the virus, they can help prevent other complications. Pain relievers or expectorant cough syrups are also often prescribed.
The best way to prevent the flu is to maintain good eating habits and get enough sleep to keep your immune system in top condition.
The flu is one of the most widespread diseases in the world, affecting thousands of people each year. If you choose not to get vaccinated, remember that the best way to prevent it is to avoid being in contact with people with symptoms and to keep your hands clean whenever possible.
